Forensic science is vital for strengthening India's criminal justice system by shifting investigation from confession-based to evidence-based approach, a change underscored by new criminal laws. Despite its potential, the field faces significant challenges including inadequate infrastructure (outdated equipment, poor safety, insufficient funding and lack of R&D), a critical shortage of trained personnel (high vacancy rates, cumbersome recruitment and poor working conditions), lack of standardization in procedures and protocols, and coordination gaps between forensic laboratories and law enforcement agencies. These issues contribute to case backlogs and lower conviction rates. Recent government initiatives, such as the National Forensic Infrastructure Enhancement Scheme and the mandate for forensic investigation in serious offences under the new criminal laws , demonstrate a commitment to reform. This article emphasises that, for forensic science to realise its full potential in ensuring timely and fair justice, comprehensive structural and institutional reforms are imperative.